A-Level Psychology: Behaviourism and Social Learning

The approaches topic asks you to hold several complete theories of psychology in mind at once and to know each one's mechanisms cold. This quiz covers the first cluster: psychology's origins, the behaviourist approach, and social learning theory.

The origins questions test Wundt's actual contribution — systematic introspection under controlled conditions in the Leipzig laboratory — and what made it scientific relative to the armchair philosophy it replaced: standardised procedures and the attempt at measurement.

The behaviourist questions work both conditioning mechanisms at exam depth. Classical conditioning is tested through the full stimulus-response vocabulary, and operant conditioning through scenario diagnosis: negative reinforcement correctly identified as removing an aversive state to strengthen behaviour (the anxiety-relief homework scenario), the positive-punishment versus negative-reinforcement contrast that trips up half of every cohort, and reinforcement schedules — with the variable-ratio schedule's resistance to extinction tested directly.

The social learning questions cover Bandura's Bobo doll research and the factors that raised imitation (model similarity, observed consequences), vicarious reinforcement diagnosed through scenarios, and the four mediational processes in their canonical order — attention, retention, motor reproduction, motivation — with motor reproduction's meaning tested separately.

Every question is scenario-first rather than definition-first, matching how the approaches content is actually assessed, and every explanation names the principle so the vocabulary sticks. The companion quiz covers the cognitive, biological, psychodynamic and humanistic approaches.

• Explain Wundt's introspection and why it counted as scientific
• Apply classical conditioning's full stimulus-response vocabulary
• Diagnose reinforcement and punishment types from behavioural scenarios
• Recall reinforcement schedules and extinction resistance
• Sequence the four mediational processes and apply vicarious reinforcement

Covers the compulsory Approaches content of A-level Psychology: origins of psychology (Wundt), the behaviourist approach (Pavlov, Skinner), and social learning theory (Bandura) with the mediational processes.