Take this Exam: AP Human Geography — models and processes | Zestly

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the core claim of Christaller's Central Place Theory regarding urban hierarchy?

Accepted Answer

Settlements function as central places that provide services to a surrounding market area, with larger centres providing more specialised services.

Answer

Industrial development is the primary driver of urban growth, regardless of the surrounding rural population's needs.

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Cities grow in concentric rings based on the distance from the central business district.

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Urban areas are organised in a way that minimises the distance between different social classes.

Question 2

A country exports a single agricultural commodity and imports almost all of its manufactured goods. Rostow's stages of economic growth and Wallerstein's world-systems approach would both recognise that position, but they explain it differently. Which statement sets out the difference correctly?

Accepted Answer

Rostow treats it as a stage a country passes through by building up savings, investment and a leading sector at home; Wallerstein treats it as a role in a global division of labour, one that exists because other countries occupy the core role.

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Rostow treats the position as permanent, while Wallerstein expects it to correct itself once trade is liberalised.

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Rostow explains the position by the country's physical geography, while Wallerstein explains it by its choice of political system.

Answer

Both locate the cause in decisions taken by that country's own government, and differ only over which of those decisions was the mistake.

Question 3

A country of thirty million people reports that 42 percent of its population is under 15, 55 percent is aged 15 to 64, and 3 percent is 65 or over. Drawn as a population pyramid this gives a very broad base and almost no top. What does the shape imply?

Accepted Answer

A high youth dependency ratio now, and a workforce that will grow quickly over the next two decades as those large cohorts reach working age.

Answer

A high old-age dependency ratio now, with pressure on pensions and health care arriving within a decade.

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A shrinking workforce, since so small a share of the population is currently of working age.

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A stable population that will neither grow nor shrink, since the age groups are evenly balanced.

Question 4

Gentrification is a process of urban change. What does this process primarily consist of and whom does it affect?

Answer

The expansion of informal settlements on the outskirts of a city due to rapid rural-to-urban migration.

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The conversion of industrial land into public parks to improve the environmental quality of the city centre.

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The renovation of deteriorated urban neighbourhoods by wealthier individuals, often displacing lower-income residents.

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The movement of middle-class families from the city centre to newly built housing on the urban fringe.

Question 5

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the concept of relocation diffusion?

Answer

A popular social media trend spreads from a teenager to their friends in a local school.

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A group of immigrants moves to a new country and establishes their traditional cuisine in their new neighbourhood.

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A large corporation adopts a new management software that is then copied by smaller local businesses.

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A religious belief spreads from a king to his subjects through a royal decree.