Take this Exam: AP World History — the world since 1900 | Zestly

Question 1

States that joined the Non-Aligned Movement, formalised at Belgrade in 1961, were pursuing what, and with what difficulty?

Accepted Answer

Freedom from formal alliance with either bloc, so that newly independent states could set their own priorities — though accepting aid, arms or investment from one side repeatedly strained the claim

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Admission to the western alliance on collective terms, using the movement as a negotiating bloc

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A third military bloc strong enough to deter both superpowers, which is why members pooled their armed forces

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A common economic doctrine, membership being open only to states that had adopted market economies

Question 2

Many states that gained independence after 1945 adopted one broad economic strategy and then changed to another by the 1990s. What was the change?

Accepted Answer

From state-led industrialisation behind tariffs, aimed at making at home what had been imported, towards opening to trade and investment, privatising state enterprises and cutting tariffs

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From industry back to subsistence agriculture, industrial policy having been abandoned as unsuited to their conditions

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From integration in world markets towards deliberate self-sufficiency, in order to shelter domestic producers

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From privately owned economies towards state ownership of all productive property

Question 3

In the decades after 1945 substantial numbers of people moved from former colonies to the states that had ruled them. Why then, and what did it change in the receiving societies?

Accepted Answer

Post-war reconstruction left labour shortages that employers and governments filled by recruiting in the former empire, and the societies that resulted were more plural — which changed what those countries argued about, from citizenship rules to what the national story included

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The movement was prohibited by law throughout, so the demographic composition of the former colonial powers was unchanged

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The flow ran the other way, as people left Europe for the newly independent states in search of work

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Arrivals were absorbed without trace into the existing population, leaving those societies as culturally uniform as before

Question 4

A single consumer device today may contain parts designed in one country, made in several others and assembled in yet another. Which change made that arrangement workable?

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Demand for manufactured goods fell as production costs rose, which concentrated what remained in fewer places

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Firms concentrated every stage of manufacture in one country, since transport had become the largest cost

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The standard shipping container collapsed the cost and the time of moving goods between ports, while cheap telecommunications made it possible to coordinate and inspect work happening far away

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Countries became self-sufficient in manufactured goods, so international trade fell away

Question 5

International bodies and agreements multiplied after 1945. What is the standing limitation on what they can achieve?

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They require every member to adopt one uniform body of domestic law, which is why so few states join

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They depend on the consent of sovereign states, so a state that judges compliance contrary to its interests can usually decline, and enforcement falls back on persuasion, publicity or pressure from other states

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They are barred by their founding documents from considering questions of human rights or the environment

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They may dissolve the government of a state that breaches international law, though they rarely choose to