Take this Quiz: AP World History — the world since 1900 | Zestly

Question 1

What made the world wars total wars, and what did that do to the position of civilians?

Accepted Answer

Whole economies were turned over to war production, so factories, railways and the workforce running them became objects of attack, and the line between combatant and non-combatant narrowed

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Conscription grew so large that production could be left to the military, and civilians were removed from the war effort

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Civilians were placed under treaty protections that all the belligerents observed in practice

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Governments evacuated the industrial cities, so that the fighting took place away from where people lived

Question 2

How did the economic collapse of the early 1930s travel between countries, and how did states respond?

Accepted Answer

Credit and trade contracted together, and governments answered by raising tariffs, leaving the gold standard at different dates and taking a larger role in their economies

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Most democracies held to a hands-off position and waited for markets to correct themselves

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The slump stayed within the United States, leaving European and Asian economies largely untouched

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Trade expanded as governments cut tariffs to keep goods and capital moving

Question 3

India became independent in 1947 after a long political campaign and a negotiated transfer of power; Algeria became independent in 1962 after eight years of war. What best accounts for the difference in route?

Accepted Answer

Algeria held a large settler population with French citizenship and legal status, whose position could not survive independence, while India had no comparable settler community for Britain to defend

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India's leaders accepted that English would remain the sole official language, which is what secured the negotiated settlement

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India possessed no resources France and Britain valued, so Britain had little reason to hold it

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Algeria had never been under direct colonial administration, and irregular warfare was the only form its politics could take

Question 4

New states of the mid-twentieth century generally kept the boundaries their colonial administrations had drawn. What followed from that decision?

Answer

The borders proved to match linguistic and religious communities closely, which gave the new states an unusually stable start

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Boundaries were renegotiated peacefully through international arbitration soon after independence in most cases

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Colonial rule had built representative institutions capable of managing any dispute the borders created

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States began life containing populations that had not previously shared a government, and sometimes splitting populations that had, which left both internal tensions and cross-border claims

Question 5

The United States and the Soviet Union never fought each other directly, yet the Cold War involved decades of warfare. How is that best described?

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The United Nations kept the peace by stationing neutral forces in every contested region, which is why no direct clash occurred

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Large-scale battles between American and Soviet forces took place in central Europe throughout the period

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The confrontation in Europe stayed armed but static, while fighting occurred elsewhere in conflicts that usually had their own local origins before either superpower attached itself to them

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Independence and civil conflicts of the period were created by the superpowers, having no local causes of their own