Take this Exam: AP World History — the world from 1750 to 1900 | Zestly

Question 1

What did the spread of factory production do to how and where people worked in nineteenth-century industrial regions, and what followed from it?

Accepted Answer

Work moved out of the home and into supervised premises running to a clock, cities grew rapidly around the mills, and workers organised into unions while parliaments began legislating on hours and conditions

Answer

Hours and conditions were regulated from the outset by international agreement, so no domestic legislation was needed

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Factory work was taken up almost entirely by adult men, women and children remaining in agriculture

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Production returned to the household, since machines could be installed in cottages more cheaply than in mills

Question 2

For three centuries Europeans traded on the coasts of Africa but held little of the interior. Between 1870 and 1900 that changed rapidly. Which explanation best accounts for the change?

Accepted Answer

Quinine taken regularly made the interior survivable, steam launches carried expeditions up rivers, and breech-loading rifles and rapid-firing guns widened the gap in firepower

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African states collapsed from population loss, leaving the interior largely empty

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The ending of the Atlantic slave trade cut off the firearms that African states had previously obtained through it

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The discovery of gold and diamonds drew European settlement inland

Question 3

Colonial administrations frequently reorganised a territory's agriculture around one or two crops grown for export. What did that typically do to the people living there?

Accepted Answer

Land and labour shifted from varied food crops to the export crop, so food had to be bought rather than grown, and a fall in the world price for that single crop became a subsistence crisis

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Local manufacturing expanded, since processing the export crop required factories built in the colony

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Living standards rose steadily, because the export crop earned more per acre than the food it replaced

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Taxation was abolished, the export revenue being sufficient to fund the administration without it

Question 4

After the abolition of slavery in the British and other empires, planters recruited indentured labourers, chiefly from India and China, to work the same estates. What best characterises that system?

Answer

Contracts ran for life and could be inherited, making the arrangement identical in law to the slavery it replaced

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Most of those recruited came from West Africa, along the routes the slave trade had used

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Contracts of several years, entered into under pressure of debt or misinformation, enforced by penal law that made leaving a criminal offence

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Labourers were granted land and full civil rights on arrival, which is why the system spread so quickly

Question 5

At Adwa in 1896 an Ethiopian army under Menelik II defeated an invading Italian force, and Italy recognised Ethiopian independence. What does the episode most clearly show about resistance to European expansion?

Answer

That European armies of the period were not in practice better equipped than the forces they faced anywhere in Africa

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That a state which had centralised its authority and armed itself with modern weapons acquired through its own diplomacy could defeat a European invasion outright

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That European powers withdrew from any territory where they met organised armed resistance

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That successful resistance depended on avoiding all contact with European states and their goods