Take this Quiz: AP World History — the world from 1750 to 1900 | Zestly

Question 1

Enlightenment writers argued that rights were natural and universal, while the political settlements built on those arguments extended them to a narrow group. Who pressed hardest against that gap at the time?

Accepted Answer

Enslaved and formerly enslaved people, and women such as Olympe de Gouges and Mary Wollstonecraft, who took the universal claim at its word and demanded to be included in it

Answer

Manufacturers, who argued that rights of property implied freedom from regulation

Answer

Clergy, who sought to reconcile the new philosophy with established theology

Answer

Monarchs, who used the language of natural rights to argue for centralised administration

Question 2

What most sharply distinguished the Haitian revolution from the American one?

Accepted Answer

The Americans won independence while leaving slavery in place; in Haiti enslaved people themselves destroyed slavery and founded a state

Answer

The American revolution was made by enslaved and landless people; the Haitian was led by the colony's wealthiest planters

Answer

The Americans extended the vote to the whole adult population at once; the Haitians restricted it to former slaveholders

Answer

The Americans broke with a European power while the Haitians negotiated autonomy within the French empire

Question 3

Nationalism helped make a unified German state in 1871 and helped break pieces off the Ottoman and Habsburg empires across the same century. How can one idea have had opposite effects?

Accepted Answer

Where a population sharing a language and a claimed common past was divided among several states, nationalism argued for joining them; where such populations were minorities inside a multi-ethnic empire, the same argument called for leaving it

Answer

It unified industrial societies and fragmented agrarian ones, the difference following from the economy rather than from the political map

Answer

Nationalism was genuinely two unrelated doctrines, one German and one Balkan, which historians group together only by accident of naming

Answer

It unified wherever a monarchy supported it and fragmented wherever monarchies opposed it, so the outcome followed the ruler's preference

Question 4

Why did mechanised industry take hold first in Britain rather than in France, the Low Countries or the Chinese lower Yangtze, all of them wealthy and commercially sophisticated?

Answer

Britain alone possessed coal, which the other regions lacked entirely

Answer

Britain's population was growing while the others' were static, so only Britain faced pressure to mechanise

Answer

Britain protected its home market so completely that no imported goods competed with its manufactures

Answer

Several conditions coincided there: coal close to water transport, farming productive enough to feed towns while releasing labour, capital accumulated from commerce, and markets and raw materials reachable by sea

Question 5

Japanese industrialisation after 1868 and British industrialisation a century earlier are usually contrasted in how they were driven. What was the difference?

Answer

Japan industrialised without importing any foreign machinery or expertise, whereas Britain depended on both

Answer

Britain's factories were built by the state and Japan's by private families, the reverse of what is usually assumed

Answer

The Meiji government surveyed foreign practice, built model factories and shipyards itself, and later sold many of them to private owners; British industry grew from private ventures with the state largely regulating rather than building

Answer

Japan concentrated on agriculture while Britain concentrated on shipbuilding, so the two never competed