Take this Exam: AP Psychology — cognition | Zestly

Question 1

Asked whether more people die each year from tornadoes or from asthma, most respondents say tornadoes, although asthma in fact kills many times more. Which heuristic best explains the pattern of answers?

Accepted Answer

The availability heuristic

Answer

A mental set

Answer

The representativeness heuristic

Answer

The anchoring heuristic

Question 2

In an invented trial, one group of patients is told a procedure "has a ninety per cent survival rate" and another that it "has a ten per cent mortality rate". The first group agrees to it far more often. What does this demonstrate?

Accepted Answer

A framing effect

Answer

Functional fixedness

Answer

The representativeness heuristic

Answer

The availability heuristic

Question 3

In an invented scenario, a woman needs to prop a heavy door open while she carries boxes through it. On the desk beside her sit a stapler, a mug of pens and a ring binder. She spends several minutes hunting for a doorstop, never considering the stapler, which is heavy enough and exactly the right shape. Which obstacle to problem solving is this?

Accepted Answer

Functional fixedness

Answer

Mental set

Answer

Confirmation bias

Answer

Anchoring

Question 4

An invented reasoning test gives almost exactly the same score when the same person sits it twice a month apart, and its two halves agree closely with each other. But the scores predict nothing — not school results, not job performance, not any other measure of reasoning. What follows about the test?

Answer

It is neither reliable nor valid

Answer

It is valid but not reliable

Answer

It is reliable but not valid

Answer

It is both reliable and valid

Question 5

In an invented experiment, participants hold a list of spoken digits in mind while doing a second task. Repeating a nonsense syllable aloud wrecks their digit recall; mentally rotating a shape barely affects it; doing both extra tasks at once is worse than either alone. Which account of working memory do these results support?

Answer

Working memory is a single general-purpose store, and any second task competes for the same limited pool

Answer

Working memory has separate subsystems for verbal and for visual-spatial material, each with its own limited capacity

Answer

Working memory has unlimited capacity, and interference arises only from the similarity of the material

Answer

Working memory is simply the currently activated portion of long-term memory, with no capacity limit of its own