Take this Exam: GCSE Religious Studies: Peace, Conflict and Justice | Zestly

Question 1

What is the primary argument for using education programmes within a prison system?

Accepted Answer

It serves the aim of reformation by helping the offender develop skills to live a law-abiding life.

Answer

It serves the aim of protection by ensuring that the offender is not allowed to leave their cell.

Answer

It serves the aim of retribution by making the prison sentence more difficult for the offender.

Answer

It serves the aim of deterrence by showing the public that prisoners are being kept busy.

Question 2

Which of the following best represents the nature of the debate regarding capital punishment within religious traditions?

Accepted Answer

The debate remains unsettled, weighing the sanctity of life and the risk of wrongful conviction against the argument for justice for the most serious crimes.

Answer

The tradition has a settled teaching that capital punishment is always necessary for justice.

Answer

The tradition has a settled teaching that capital punishment is always wrong because it is an act of revenge.

Answer

The debate is settled because all believers agree that the sanctity of life outweighs any argument for justice.

Question 3

When people explain why someone might break the law, such as due to poverty or upbringing, what is the most accurate way to interpret this?

Accepted Answer

Explaining the causes of crime is an attempt to understand the context, not an attempt to excuse the criminal act.

Answer

Explaining the causes of crime is the same as saying that the offender is not responsible for their actions.

Answer

Explaining the causes of crime is a way of suggesting that the law itself is inherently unjust.

Answer

Explaining the causes of crime is a way of arguing that the offender should not be punished at all.

Question 4

When a believer considers breaking a law they believe is unjust, what factors do they typically weigh?

Answer

They rely solely on the advice of their community leaders, as individual judgement is not permitted.

Answer

They only consider their own personal conscience, as this is the only factor that matters in religious ethics.

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They weigh their conscience against the consequences for others and their willingness to accept the legal penalty.

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They decide that if the law is unjust, they are automatically exempt from all legal consequences.

Question 5

A person refuses to take any part in military service, saying they could not do so whatever the circumstances, and that this follows from what they believe about human life rather than from any dislike of danger. What does this position amount to, and how does it differ from simply preferring peace?

Answer

It is pacifism, which means refusing to hold any opinion about a conflict so as to avoid taking sides.

Answer

It is pacifism: a principled refusal to take part in violence, held as a commitment that changed circumstances do not release them from, where preferring peace is a wish that gives way when a situation seems to demand it. Pacifists themselves differ over whether any force is ever permitted, for instance to restrain somebody about to harm another.

Answer

It is conscientious objection, which is a legal status rather than a belief, so it tells us nothing about what the person holds.

Answer

It is the same as preferring peace, since everybody would rather there were no war and this person is only saying so more loudly.