Take this Exam: A-Level Politics: Political Ideas | Zestly

Question 1

Why do traditional conservatives place such high value on tradition and empiricism?

Accepted Answer

They argue that traditions represent the accumulated wisdom of the past and are more reliable than abstract, untested theories.

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They believe that tradition is a perfect, unchanging blueprint for the future.

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They believe that tradition is the only way to ensure that every citizen achieves an equal outcome.

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They argue that tradition is a tool used by the ruling class to suppress the natural rights of the individual.

Question 2

Socialists distinguish between equality of opportunity and equality of outcome. Which statement best reflects the socialist critique of equality of opportunity?

Accepted Answer

It is insufficient because it ignores the structural inequalities that prevent individuals from starting on a level playing field.

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It is unnecessary because all individuals are already born with equal status and potential.

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It is the ultimate goal of socialism, as it ensures that the most talented individuals rise to the top.

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It is too radical because it threatens the natural hierarchy required for a functioning society.

Question 3

How do revolutionary socialists and social democrats differ in their approach to achieving a socialist society?

Accepted Answer

Revolutionary socialists argue that the capitalist state must be overthrown, whereas social democrats believe that socialism can be achieved through reform within the existing parliamentary system.

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Revolutionary socialists believe in the necessity of the free market, while social democrats advocate for a planned economy.

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Revolutionary socialists prioritise individual rights, whereas social democrats believe in the abolition of all private property.

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Revolutionary socialists believe that the state should be strengthened, while social democrats believe that the state should be abolished immediately.

Question 4

What is the socialist concept of 'common humanity'?

Answer

The belief that all humans are born with a fixed, selfish nature that can never be changed.

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The idea that humans are primarily motivated by competition and the desire to dominate others.

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The view that individuals are social creatures who are shaped by their environment and are naturally inclined to cooperate.

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The assertion that human nature is irrelevant to politics, as only economic structures matter.

Question 5

When considering the role of the state, how do liberalism, conservatism, and socialism fundamentally differ?

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Liberalism sees the state as a source of order, conservatism as a source of liberty, and socialism as a source of charity.

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Liberalism views the state as a neutral arbiter of rights, conservatism as a guardian of social stability, and socialism as a tool for social and economic equality.

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Liberalism wants the state to control the economy, conservatism wants the state to control the individual, and socialism wants no state at all.

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Liberalism, conservatism, and socialism all agree that the state should be as small as possible to maximise individual freedom.