Take this Exam: A-Level Geography: Global Systems and Governance | Zestly

Question 1

In the international waters of the Azure Sea, multiple fishing fleets compete for a shared stock of tuna. Because there is no central authority to monitor catches, each fleet increases its haul to maximise profit, leading to the collapse of the fish population. What is this structural problem called, and why does an agreement without monitoring fail?

Accepted Answer

The tragedy of the commons; it fails because individual actors have an incentive to cheat when they know others cannot see their actions.

Answer

The market failure of externalities; it fails because the cost of fishing is too low for the fleets to care about the future.

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The free-rider problem; it fails because agreements are only effective if they are legally binding for every country on earth.

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The global inequality trap; it fails because the poorest countries always refuse to sign environmental treaties.

Question 2

The nations of the Northern Archipelago sign a treaty to protect a shared marine region. One significant state in the region refuses to sign, arguing it will harm its domestic industry. What does this show about the limits of global governance?

Accepted Answer

Global governance is limited by national sovereignty, as states can choose to opt out of collective agreements.

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The treaty is a failure of diplomacy, as all states must agree for any environmental progress to occur.

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Global governance is a myth, as powerful states will always ignore international law.

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The treaty is entirely worthless because it lacks universal participation.

Question 3

The country of Aethel has a high income per person but very low life expectancy and poor literacy rates. What does a single income figure miss, and what does a composite measure add?

Accepted Answer

Income misses the quality of life; a composite measure adds social indicators to provide a broader view of human development.

Answer

Income misses the cost of living; a composite measure is more accurate because it removes the need for any economic data.

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Income misses the level of taxation; a composite measure is more accurate because it is the only way to measure development.

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Income misses the distribution of wealth; a composite measure is more accurate because it is always free from political bias.

Question 4

The country of Mineris exports raw minerals and imports finished machinery. Over the last year, the price of minerals has fallen by ten percent, while the price of machinery has risen by ten percent. What has happened to the country's purchasing power, and what is this effect called?

Answer

The country's purchasing power remains unchanged; this is a result of market equilibrium.

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The country's purchasing power has increased; this is a result of comparative advantage.

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The country can buy fewer imports with the same volume of exports; this is a decline in the terms of trade.

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The country can buy more imports with the same volume of exports; this is an improvement in the terms of trade.

Question 5

The city of Port-Alpha is a global hub for finance and technology, while the rural region of Hinterland, located in the same country, remains isolated from global trade and lacks basic infrastructure. What does this pair show about globalisation?

Answer

Globalisation is a uniform process that benefits all regions equally over time.

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Globalisation is inherently uneven, creating patterns of connection and exclusion based on existing infrastructure and investment.

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Globalisation is a failed experiment that has only succeeded in creating wealthy cities.

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Globalisation is a stage that Hinterland will eventually reach as it develops further.